The Israeli Parliament has recently legislated the Communication Data Act, which is an amendment to the Criminal Procedure laws.
The Act is supposed to enable the police to combat crime more efficiently by receiving information regarding communications, telephones and internet, such as destination calls and IP addresses.
The Act sets 3 manners for the police to receive the data: by a court order, by a high ranked police officer (in urgent cases), and by a database which would be passed to the police.
In order to receive a court order, the police shall submit to the court various documents, such as whether the person investigated enjoys privilege by law (or case law) due to his profession (- a psychologist, a lawyer, a doctor or a priest) and the history of previous requests. The court has ruled in the past that this privilege shall protect also journalists.
The second manner, which concerns to serious crimes, enables high ranked police officers to receive the database without any delay or a court order, whenever the information is required in order to save life, prevent crimes and find criminals.
The third manner is the database: an authorized police officer can demand a database from the telecommunication companies. It includes information for identifying a client of one of these companies, identifying details of a SIM card of a cellular phone, etc.
The new Act raises serious concerns as to damaging the right of privacy, and as to misuse of such delicate information about the entire Israeli population. These concerns created a serious debate in the connection with the enactment of the Act.
Following is a link to the version of the Act as it passed in the Israeli Parliament.

http://www.knesset.gov.il/privatelaw/data/17/3/253_3_2.rtf